Thursday, October 9, 2008

退潮了···

巴菲特说:“只有在退潮的时候,你才能看出哪些人在裸泳。”这句话用在现在的市场,已经不仅仅是针对那些无知的散户,更适用于精明的投资人,甚至是像比尔·米勒这样的重量级人物。前天美国商业周刊一个醒目的标题:“Bill Miller Gets Fired From Masters funds”,全文如下:
This item was written by Lewis Braham, who recently authored a piece on focused funds for BusinessWeek

Has the master lost his touch?
Legendary value manager Bill Miller of Legg Mason Funds was fired on October 3 as a subadviser to the Masters Select Value and Masters Select Equity funds.
The move comes as a bit of a shock as the funds' advisory firm Litman/Gregory Advisors is known for doing extensive research on the managers it selects to run its funds. Litman is also known for its patience when a manager's style is out of favor.
Miller ran Masters Select Equity for more than eight years with famous co-managers Mason Hawkins of Longleaf Partners and Chris Davis of Davis Select Advisers. But with his fund down more than 40% this year thanks to some bad bets on highly leveraged financial stocks such as AIG and Freddie Mac, his long-term record of beating the market has been ruined. So Litman/Gregory replaced him in its roster of star managers with Clyde McGregor who runs Oakmark Global Fund.
Interestingly, both Masters Select Funds already have one Oakmark manager, Oakmark Select's Bill Nygren, whose bet on Washington Mutual also floundered but whose fund has held up better than Miller's during the slide. According to Litman/Gregory, there should be little overlap between the two Oakmark managers in the funds.
Still, the decision to let Miller go at this juncture seems ill timed. Given that his fund has already fallen so much, he may be due for a comeback. But then the two Masters funds have also lagged the market this year, in part because of Miller's screw up.
Maybe the pressure to remove him now was too great.
文章对米勒用了一个“Legendary”,不再是一个褒义词,当成讽刺更为贴切。众所周知,米勒是雷格·梅森基金的明星经理。雷格·梅森在华尔街的名气,更多是因为米勒的存在。而这位一向以连续15年打败标普自居的基金经理,前天被MasterFund开除了。MasterFund今年以来已经缩水 40%,米勒重仓的AIG和房地美都被美国财政部接管,股权稀释,原来高价买入的绩优股基本一文不值。米勒在MasterFund管理两只基金,身份只是合伙经理;10月中旬他还要面对他苦心经营10多年的雷格梅森投资人的提问,估计这会是他一生中最难度过的时刻。

谁也不要怨,谁也不要挖苦,谁也不要幸灾乐祸,投资这一行真的不容易。米勒辛苦奋斗15年,最终换来很可能是基金解散,草草收场。市场上再也没这号人物了。其实讲到这里,一方面米勒有不可推卸的责任,另一方面,他还不是大师级的投资人。去年年底,中国的媒体就报道米勒重仓金融股,浮亏巨大;而在今年1季度基金持有人会议上,米勒没有打算采取任何行动,反而不断强调他的“逆向思维”——不可否认,要战胜市场确实需要逆向思维。但看米勒战胜标普的15年,正好是1987年10月“黑色星期一”以后的十多年大牛市,除了2001年受Nasdaq科技股泡沫破裂的影响外,其余时间基本没有大调整。这种大牛市,只要买入持有,一般人都能达到同期指数的涨幅,当然米勒战胜了标普,这是一个专业人士。从去年道指见顶,次贷爆发,米勒就不断买入金融股,他说自己是个“乐观主义者”,太乐观了吧。我不禁想到巴菲特在1959年致合伙人信中一句话:“···我已多次强调了合伙基金的业绩评价标准:在市场下挫或震荡时,取得超越市场和主导投资基金平均水平的业绩;在市场上升时,取得与市场平均水平相当的业绩。” 呵呵,米勒正好完全相反。回头去审视波克夏的年报,巴菲特不但在熊市中取得了超越市场的业绩,在牛市中的业绩也远远超越指数,看来巴菲特还是过谦了。国内的投资界当然无法和这些人相比,完全不在一个档次。去年高点清盘的赵丹阳,事后证明退出是正确的,不过看看他的“赤子之心”,业绩远远不如那时候上证指数的涨幅。差距有两点:1、无论在牛市,还是熊市,巴菲特的业绩远远跑赢指数;2、巴菲特不会在熊市初期卖出所有的股票。

米勒错在不认错,而且他是在牛市中成长起来的,没见过大熊市;就如当年大摩的一位分析师(名字忘了)在Nasdaq泡沫中叫嚣的那样:“每次回调都是买入机会!”,对了很多次,但最后一次错误,就足以让她前功尽弃,还遭牢狱之灾。市场上任何大师级的投资人,都是善于认错的“现实主义者”(米勒是乐观主义者),这次金融危机到现在,罗杰斯是大赢家,去年放空美国股票,十一前才回补了一部分,大量的资产都转成了人民币;格罗斯在次贷到来前9个月调转头寸,调仓初期,他的债券基金从第一名滑落到最后一名,上班甚至“不敢做电梯”,怕被人问,结果他对了;索罗斯既然能在几个月前喊出“美国60年繁荣结束”,自然不会出问题;最后就是股神,我在芒格的文章中看到波克夏和魏斯克(Wesco,芒格的公司)早在01年就开始大量储备现金(芒格说找不到合适的投资目标),所以他们能在最恐慌的时候屡屡出手。

中国驻美大使周文重在美国接受记者采访的时候,说中国全力协助美国恢复经济,美国应该多出口高科技技术,拉动美国经济。前半句是废话,后半句很有意思啊。三中全会今天召开,第二次土改开始。中国前途不可限量。

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